Robert F. Tom · Shelli J. Clarkston · Elizabeth Roper
Wire transfer fraud collapses into a liability problem the moment funds leave the account, and UCC Article 4A, not common-law negligence, governs who absorbs the loss between bank and accountholder. Business email compromise drove $2.9 billion in reported losses in 2025, part of $16.6 billion in cumulative BEC damage, while 859,000 cybercrime complaints reached the…